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Klassifikation:
Fam. Acartiidae
Acartia new Yellow Sea
2000
1. Acartia
bermudensis, Esterly
2. Acartia bifilosa,
Giesbrecht
Vorkommen: Baltische See
3. Acartia
californiensis, Trinast
4. Acartia
centrula, Giesbrecht
5. Acartia clausi,
Giesbrecht
Adulte Weibchen 1,15 mm,
Männchen 1 mm. Süd- und Westküste Norwegens vorkommend in gleicher Anzahl
wie A. longiremis, scheint aber im Vergleich zu A. longiremis
eine südlichere Form zu sein. Verbreitung: Britische Inseln, Faröer Inseln,
Helgoland, französische Küste, Atlantik von Lat. 36° und 61°N, Golf von
Guinea (Sars, G.O.; 1903); Schwarzes Meer (Gubanova,
2000)
mehr Informationen:
Royal Netherlands
Institute For Sea Research
6. Acartia
danae, Giesbrecht
7. Acartia discaudata,
Giesbrecht
Adulte Weibchen 1,2 mm,
Männchen 1,1 mm. Nur an zwei Stellen gefunden, in der Nähe von Bergen und im
Sognefjord. Verbreitung: Baltische See, Schottische Küste, französische
Küste (Sars, G.O.;1903).
8. Acartia
erythraea, Giesbrecht
9. Acartia floridana,
Davis
10. Acartia forcipata,
Thompson & Scott
11. Acartia grani,
Sars
12. Acartia jiletti
13. Acartia hamata,
Mori
14. Acartia hudsonica,
Pinhey
SF Bay
15. Acartia
latisetosa, Kricaqin
16. Acartia lefevreae,
Bradford
17. Acartia
lilljeborgii, Giesbrecht
18. Acartia longiremis,
Lilljeborg
Adulte Weibchen 1,25 mm,
Männchen 1,05 mm. Vorkommen: überall an der norwegischen Küste zu finden,
manchmal in sehr großen Dichten. Pelagische Form und oft kurz unter der
Oberfläche zu finden. Verbreitung: Britische Inseln, Kattegat, Baltische
See, Faröer Inseln, Island, Südgrönland, Spitzbergen, Polar Basin, nördlich
der Neuen Sibirischen Inseln (Sars, G.O.; 1903).
19. Acartia negligens,
Dana
20. Acartia omorii
21. Acartia pacifica,
Steuer
Japan
22. Acartia spinata,
Esterly
23. Acartia
spinicauda, Giesbrecht
24. Acartia steueri
25. Acartia tonsa,
Dana
Adulte Weibchen bis 0,98
mm, adulte Männchen bis 0,85 mm. Acartia tonsa wir als euryhaline und
eurythermische Brackwasserart eingestuft. Im Kaspischen Meer kommt sie bei
einer Salinität von 1- 13 ppm über das gesamte Jahr vor bei Temperaturen
zwischen 0 und 29,5 °C (maximale Dichten von 13.500- 252.000 Ind./m³).
Dort ist sie vor allem entlang der Küste bis zu einer Tiefe von 50 m
anwesend; höchste Dichten werden oberhalb der 20 m erreicht. In sehr
geringen Dichten (2 Ind./l) und sporadisch findet man die Art auch
zwischen 200- 600 m. Sensibel reagiert Acartia tonsa auf
Sauerstoffmangel, weshalb sie als oxyphile Art klassifiziert wird.
Acartia tonsa ist ein Greifer (im Gegensatz zum Filtrierer) und
frisst Beutetiere zwischen 5 und 100 µm Größe. Neben Algen wie z.B.
Chaetoceros socialis, Exuviaella cordata, Gymnodinium sp,
Prorocentrum micans, Sceletonema costatum, Nitzschia
closterium, Cyclotella caspia, frisst er auch Flagellaten (6-8
µm) und Ciliaten. Die Verdauung der eingenommenen Futterorganismen beträgt
etwa 1- 3 h bei einer Temperatur von 20- 25 °C. Der tägliche Nahrungsbedarf
entspricht in etwa 6- 20% des eigenen Körpergewichts und kann bei Zugabe von
Ciliaten bis zu 26% betragen.
Acartia tonsa reproduziert sich über das gesamte Jahr, das Weibchen
legt die befruchteten Eier frei ins Wasser ab. Die Eier sind schwerer als
Wasser und sinken auf den Boden (incl. Dauereier). Ablaichintervalle der
Weibchen betragen etwa 5- 6 Tage und die max. gemessene Laichfähigkeit
beträgt 2,5 Monate (insgesamt dann ungefähr 260 Eier/Weibchen). Die
Generationszeit vom frisch geschlüpften Ei zum adulten Copepoden beträgt 30-
33 Tage, Weibchen leben 70- 80 Tage, Männchen 14 Tage. Die Population im
Kaspischen Meer besteht über das ganze Jahr aus allen Stadien (von Nauplie-
adulten Copepoden).
Global weit verbreitete Art, nachgewiesenes Vorkommen im Indischen Ozean,
Atlantik (Westküste Frankreichs, Englische Gewässer), an nord- und
südpazifischer Küste Amerikas, in Baltischer See bis an den Golf von
Finnland; (im Mittelmeer, Schwarzes Meer, in der Azov See, im Kaspischen
Meer hier Einwanderer wahrscheinlich durch Ballastwasser von Schiffen).
Horizontal- und Vertikalwanderung im Kaspischen Meer bekannt; Adulte Tiere
steigen während der Nacht aus tieferen Schichten an die Oberfläche, um zu
fressen und kehren bei Lichtanbruch wieder in tiefere Schichten zurück.
Junge Acartia- Stadien unternehmen diese Wanderung nur innerhalb der
Oberflächenschichten.
mehr Informationen:
Caspian Environment Programm ,
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas,
Bailey,
Hill & Bucklin
26. Acartia tsuensis
Japan
27. Acartia tumida,
Willey
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Verfügbare Literatur: (1982) Klein Breteler WCM, Fransz HG, Gonzalez SR. Growth and
development of four calanoid copepod species under experimental and natural
conditions. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 16: 195- 207
(1987) Stoecker DK, Egloff DA. Predation by Acartia tonsa Dana on
planktonic ciliates and rotifers. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and
Ecology 110 (1): 53- 68
(1987) Houde SEL, Roman MR. Effects of food quality on the functional
ingestion response of the copepod Acartia tonsa. MEPS 40: 69- 77
(1988) Tester PA, Turner JT. Comparative carbon- specific ingestion
rates of phytoplankton by Acartia tonsa, Centropages velificatus
and Eucalanus pileatus grazing on natural phytoplankton assemblages
in the plume of the Mississippi River (northern Gulf of Mexico continental
shelf). Hydrobiologia 167/168: 211- 217
(1988) Berggreen U, Hansen B, Kiörboe T. Food size spectra, ingestion and
growth of the copepod Acartia tonsa during development: implications
for determination of copepod production. Marine Biology 99: 341- 352
(1989) Wiadnyana NN, Rassoulzadegan F. Selective feeding of
Acartia clausi and Centropages typicus on Microzooplankton. MEPS
53: 37- 45
(1990) Sullivan BK, Banzon PV. Food limitation and benthic regulation
of populations of the copepod Acartia hudsonica Pinhey in nutrient-
limited and nutrient- enriched systems. L&O 35 (7): 1618- 1631
(1991) Peterson WT, Tiselius P, Kiorboe T. Copepod egg- production,
molting and growth- rates, and secondary production, in the Skagerrak in
August 1988. Journal of Plankton Research 13 (1): 131- 154
(1991) Roman MR. Pathways of carbon incorporation in marine copepods-
effects of developmental stage and food quantity. L&O 36 (4): 796- 807
(1992) Bollens SM, Stearns DE. Predator- induced changes in the diel
feeding cycle of a planktonic copepod. Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology and Ecology 156 (2): 179- 186
(1992) Mayzaud P, Rochemayzaud O, Razouls S. Medium term time acclimation of
feeding and digestive enzyme- activity in Marine Copepods- Influence of food
concentration and copepod species. MEPS 89 (2-3): 197- 212
(1993) Clarke ME, Walsh PJ. Effect of nutritional status on citrate
synthase activity in Acartia tonsa and Temora longicornis. L&O
38 (2): 414- 418
(1994) Belmonte G, Mazzocchi MG, Prusova IY, Shadrin NV. Acartia
tonsa: a species new for the Black Sea fauna. Hydrobiologia 292/293: 9-
15
(1994) Garmew TG, Hammond S, Mercantini A, Morgan J, Neunert C, Fornshell
JA. Morphological variability of geographically distinct populations of the
estuarine copepod Acartia tonsa. Hydrobiologia 292/293: 149- 156
(1994) Dam HG, Peterson WT, Bellantoni. Seasonal feeding and fecundity of
the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa in Long Island Sound: is omnivory
important to egg production? Hydrobiologia 292/293: 191- 199
(1994) Cataletto B, Umani SF. Seasonal variations in carbon and nitrogen
content of Acartia clausi (Copepoda, Calanoida) in the Gulf of
Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea). Hydrobiologia 292/293: 283- 288
(1994) Tanskanen S. Seasonal variability in the individual carbon content of
the calanoid copepod Acartia bifilosa from the northern Baltic Sea.
Hydrobiologia 292/293: 397- 403
(1994) Buskey EJ. Factors affecting feeding selectivity of visual predators
on the copepod Acartia tonsa: locomotion, visibility and escape
responses. Hydrobiologia 292/293: 447- 453
(1994) Klein Breteler WCM, Schogt N. Development of Acartia clausi (Copepoda,
Calanoida) cultured at different conditions of temperature and food.
Hydrobiologia 292/293: 469- 479
(1994) Klein Breteler WCM, Schogt N, Vandermeer J. The duration of copepod
life stages estimated from stage- frequency data. Journal of Plankton
Research 16 (8): 1039- 1057
(1994) Purcell JE, White JR, Roman MR. Predation by gelatinous zooplankton
and resource limitation as potential controls of Acartia tonsa
copepod populations in Chesapeake Bay. L&O 39 (2): 263- 278
(1994) Kiörboe T, Nielsen TG. Regulation of zooplankton biomass and
production in a temperate, coastal ecosystem. 1. Copepods. L&O 39 (3): 493-
507
(1994) Jonasdottir SH. Effects of food quality on the reproductive success
of Acartia tonsa and Acartia hudsonica: laboratory
observations. Marine Biology 121: 67- 81
(1994) Jeong HJ. Predation effects of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa
on a population of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Protoperidinium cf.
divergens in the presence of co- occurring red- tide dinoflagellate prey.
MEPS 111: 87- 97
(1995) Tack M, Irigoien X, Daro N, Castel J, Zhu L, Zhang X, Nijs J.
Copepod feeding in the Westerschelde and the Gironde. Hydrobiologia 311
(1-3): 71- 83
(1995) Anderson TR, Hessen DO. Carbon or nitrogen limitation in marine
copepods. Journal of Plankton Research 17 (2): 317- 331
(1995) Saiz E, Kiörboe T. Predatory and suspension feeding of the copepod
Acartia tonsa in turbulent environments. MEPS 122: 147- 158
(1996) Takahashi T, Ohno A. The temperature effect on the development
of calanoid copepod, Acartia tsuensis, with some comments to
morphogenesis. Journal of Oceanography 52: 125- 137
(1996) Liang D, Uye S. Population dynamics and production of the planktonic
copepods in a eutrophic inlet of the Inland Sea of Japan. 2. Acartia
omorii. Marine Biology 125 (1): 109- 117
(1996) Kleppel GS, Burkart CA, Carter K, Tomas C. Diets of calanoid copepods
on the West Florida continental shelf: Relationships between food
concentration, food composition and feeding activity. Marine Biology 127
(2): 209- 217
(1996) Norrbin MF. Timing of diapause in relation to the onset of winter in
the high- latitude copepods Pseudocalanus acuspes and Acartia
longiremis. MEPS 142 (1-3): 99- 109
(1996) Kiörboe T, Saiz E, Viitasalo M. Prey switching behaviour in the
planktonic copepod Acartia tonsa. MEPS 143: 65- 75
(1996) Nejstgaard JC, Solberg PT. Repression of copepod feeding and
fecundity by the toxic Haptophyte Prymnesium patelliferum. Sarsia 81:
339- 344
(1997) Calbet A, Alcaraz M. Growth and survival rates of early
developmental stages of Acartia grani (Copepoda: Calanoida) in
relation to food concentration and fluctuations in food supply. MEPS 147:
181- 186
(1998) Miller CA, Glibert PM. Nitrogen excretion by the calanoid
copepod Acartia tonsa: results of mesocosm experiments. Journal of Plankton
Research 20 (9): 1767- 1780
(1998) Tang KW, Dam HG, Feinberg LR. The relative importance of egg
production rate, hatching success, hatching duration and egg sinking in
population recruitment of two species of marine copepods. Journal of
Plankton Research 20 (10): 1971- 1987
(1998) Kleppel GS, Burkart CA, Houchin L. Nutrition and the regulation of
egg production in the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa. L&O 43 (5):
1000- 1007
(1998) Hopcroft RR, Roff JC. Zooplankton growth rates: the influence of
female size and resources on egg production of tropical marine copepods.
Marine Biology 132 (1): 79- 86
(1998) Hopcroft RR, Roff JC. Zooplankton growth rates: the influence of size
in nauplii of tropical marine copepods. Marine Biology 132 (1): 87- 96
(1998) Turner JT, Hopcroft RR, Lincoln JA, Huestis CS, Tester PA, Roff JC.
Zooplankton feeding ecology: grazing by marine copepods and cladocerans upon
phytoplankton and cyanobacteria from Kingston Harbour, Jamaica. Marine
Ecology Publicazioni della stazione Zoologica di Napoli 19 (3): 195- 208
(1999) Calbet A, Saiz E, Irigoien X, Alcaraz M, Trepat I. Food
availability and diel feeding rhythms in the marine copepods Acartia
grani and Centropages typicus. Journal of Plankton Research 21
(5): 1009- 1015
(1999) Koski M, Kuosa H. The effect of temperature, food concentration and
female size on the egg production of the planktonic copepod Acartia
bifilosa. Journal of Plankton Reseach 21 (9): 1779- 1789
(1999) Waggett R, Costello JH. Capture mechanisms used by the lobate
ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi, preying on the copepod Acartia
tonsa. Journal of Plankton Research 21 (11): 2037- 2052
(1999) Delgado M, Alcaraz M. Interactions between red tide microalgae and
herbivorous zooplankton: the noxious effects of Gyrodinium corsicum (Dinophyceae)
and Acartia grani (Copepoda: Calanoida). Journal of Plankton Research
21 (12): 2361- 2371
(2000) Soh HY, Suh HL. A new species of Acartia (Copepoda,
Calanoida) from the Yellow Sea. Journal of Plankton Research 22 (2): 321-
337
(2000) Caparroy P, Thygesen UH, Visser AW. Modelling the attack success of
planktonic predators: patterns and mechanisms of prey size selectivity.
Journal of Plankton Research 22 (10): 1871- 1900
(2000) Suchman CL. Escape behavior of Acartia hudsonica copepods
during interactions with scyphomedusae. Journal of Plankton Research 22
(12): 2307- 2323
(2000) Kleppel GS, Hazzard SE. Diet and egg production of the copepod
Acartia tonsa in Florida Bay. II. Role of the nutritional environment.
Marine Biology 137: 111- 121
(2000) Levinsen H, Turner JT, Nielsen TG, Hansen BW. On the trophic coupling
between protists and copepods in arctic marine ecosystems. MEPS 204: 65- 77
(2001) Lincoln JA, Turner JT, Bates SS, Leger C, Gauthier DA. Feeding,
egg production, and egg hatching success of the copepods Acartia tonsa
and Temora longicornis on diets of the toxic diatom Pseudo-
nitzschia multiseries and the non- toxic diatom Pseudo- nitzschia
pungens. Hydrobiologia 453 (1- 3): 107- 120
(2001) Moller EF, Nielsen TG. Production of bacterial substrate by marine
copepods: Effect of phytoplankton biomass and cell size. Journal of Plankton
Research 23 (5): 527- 536
(2001) Franks PJS. Turbulence avoidance: an alternate explanation of
turbulence- enhanced ingestion rates in the field. L&O 46 (4): 959- 963
(2001) Calbet A. Mesozooplankton grazing effect on primary production: a
global comparative analysis in marine ecosystems. L&O 46 (7): 1824- 1830
(2001) Tang KW, Jakobsen HH, Visser AW. Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae)
and the planktonic food web: Feeding, growth, and trophic interactions among
grazers. L&O 46 (8): 1860- 1870
(2001) Visser AW, Saito H, Saiz E, Kiorboe T. Observations of copepod
feeding and vertical distribution under natural turbulent conditions in the
North Sea. Marine Biology 138 (5): 1011- 1019
(2001) Norrbin F. Ultra- structural changes in the reproductive system of
overwintering females of Acartia longiremis. Marine Biology 139: 697- 704
(2001) Halsband C, Hirche HJ. Reproductive cycles of dominant calanoid
copepods in the North Sea. MEPS 209: 219- 229
(2001) Titelman J. Swimming and escape behavior of copepod nauplii:
implications for predator- prey interactins among copepods. MEPS 213: 203-
213
(2001) Jakobsen HH. Escape response of planktonic protists to fluid
mechanical signals. MEPS 214: 67- 78
(2001) Jeong HJ, Kang HJ, Shim JH, Park JK, Kim JS, Song JY, Choi HJ.
Interactions among the toxic dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, the
heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina, and the calanoid
copepods Acartia ssp. MEPS 218: 77- 86
(2001) Broglio E, Johansson M, Jonsson PR. Trophic interaction between
copepods and ciliates: effects of prey swimming behavior on predation risk.
MEPS 220: 179- 186
(2001) Lotocka M, Styczynska- Jurewicz. Astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and
astaxanthin esters in the copepod Acartia bifilosa (Copepoda,
Calanoida) during ontogenetic development. Oceanologia 43 (4): 487- 497
(2001) Baud A, Barthelemy RM, Nival S, Brunet M. Formation of the gut in the
first two naupliar stages of Acartia clausi and Hemidiaptomus
roubaui (Copepoda, Calanoida): comparative structural and
ultrastructural aspects. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80: 232- 244
(2002) Leising AW, Franks PJS. Does Acartia clausi (Copepoda:
Calanoida) use an area- restricted search foraging strategy to find food?
Hydrobiologia 480: 193- 207
(2003) Buskey EJ, Hartline DK. High- speed video analysis of the
escape response of the copepod Acartia tonsa to shadows. Biological Bulletin
204: 28- 37
(2003) Alvarez- Borrego J, Castro- Longoria E. Discrimination between
Acartia (Copepoda: Calanoida) species using their diffraction pattern in
a position, rotation invariant digital correlation. Journal of Plankton
Research 25 (2): 229- 233
(2003) Katajisto T. Development of Acartia bifilosa (Copepoda:
Calanoida) eggs in the northern Baltic Sea with special reference to
dormancy. Journal of Plankton Research 25 (4): 357- 364
(2003) Castellani C, Lucas IAN. Seasonal variation in egg morphology and
hatching success in the calanoid copepods Temora longicornis,
Acartia clausi and Centropages hamatus. Journal of Plankton
Research 25 (5): 527- 537
(2003) Kozlowsky- Suzuki B, Karjalainen M, Lehtiniemi M, Engström- Öst J,
Koski M, Carlsson P. Feeding, reproduction and toxin accumulation by the
copepods Acartia bifilosa and Eurytemora affinis in the
presence of the toxic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. MEPS 249:
237- 249
(2003) Hazzard SE, Kleppel GS. Egg production of the copepod Acartia
tonsa in Florida Bay: role of fatty acids in the nutritional composition
of the food environment. MEPS 252: 199- 206
(2003) Miralto A, Guglielmo L, Zagami G, Buttino I, Granata A, Ianora A.
Inhibition of population growth in the copepods Acartia clausi and
Calanus helgolandicus during diatom blooms. MEPS 254: 253- 268
(2003) Bollens GCR, Penry DL. Feeding dynamics of Acartia spp. Copepods in a
large, temperate estuary (San Francisco Bay, CA). MEPS 257: 139- 158
(2003) Calbet A, Vaque D, Felipe J, Vila M, Montserrat Sal M, Alcaraz M,
Estrada M. Relative grazing impact of microzooplankton and mesozooplankton
on a bloom of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. MEPS 259:
303- 309
(2004) Medina Matias, Barata C. Static- renewal culture of Acartia
tonsa (Copepoda: Calanoida) for ecotoxicological testing. Aquaculture
229: 203- 213
(2004) Jiang X, Wang G, Li S. Age, distribution and abundance of viable
resting eggs of Acartia pacifica (Copepoda:Calanoida) in Xiamen Bay,
China. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 312: 89- 100
(2004) Katechakis A, Stibor H, Sommer U, Hansen T. Feeding selectivities and
food niche seperation of Acartia clausi, Penilia avirostris (Crustacea)
and Doliolum denticulatum (Thaliacea) in Blanes Bay (Catalan Sea, NW
Mediterranean). Journal of Plankton Research 26 (6): 589- 603
(2004) Jung Y, Kang HK, Kang YJ. In situ egg production rate of the
planktonic copepod Acartia steueri in Ilkwang Bay, southeastern coast
of Korea. Journal of Plankton Research 26 (12): 1547- 1553
(2004) Bochdansky AB, Bollens SM. Relevant scales in zooplankton ecology:
Distribution, feeding, and reprodcution of the copepod Acartia hudsonica
in response to thin layers of the diatom Skeletonema costatum. L&O 49
(3): 625- 636
(2004) Chinnery FE, Williams JA. The influence of temperature and salinity
on Acartia (Copepoda: Calanoida) nauplii survival. Marine Biology
145: 733- 738
(2004) Katajisto T. Effects of anoxia and hypoxia on the dormancy and
survival of subitaneous eggs of Acartia bifilosa (Copepoda: Calanoida).
Marine Biology 145: 751- 757
(2004) Pagano M, Kouassi E, Arfi R, Bouvy M, Saint- Jean L. In situ spawning
rate of the calanoid copepod Acartia clausi in a tropical lagoon (Ebrie,
Cote d'Ivoire): diel variations and effects of environmental factors.
Zoological Studies 43 (2): 244- 254
(2005) Drake LA, Dobbs FC. Do viruses affect fecundity and survival
of the copepod Acartia tonsa Dana? Journal of Plankton Research 27
(2): 167- 174
(2005) Tirelli V, Mayzaud P. Relationship between functional response and
gut transit time in the calanoid copepod Acartia clausi: role of food
quantity and quality. Journal of Plankton Research 27 (6): 557- 568
(2005) Jakobsen HH, Halvorsen E, Hansen BW, Visser AW. Effects of prey
motility and concentration on feeding in Acartia tonsa and Temora
longicornis: the importance of feeding modes. Journal of Plankton
Research 27 (8): 775- 785
(2005) Olesen M, Strake S, Andrushaitis A. Egestion of non- pellet- bound
fecal material from the copepod Acartia tonsa: implication for
vertical flux and degradation. MEPS 293: 131- 142
(2005) Calliari D, Tiselius P. Feeding and reproduction in a small calanoid
copepod: Acartia clausi can compensate quality with quantity. MEPS
298: 241- 250
(2005) Poulsen LK, Kiörboe T. Coprophagy and coprorhexy in the copepods
Acartia tonsa and Temora longicornis: clearance rates and feeding
behaviour. MEPS 299: 217- 227
(2005) Bagoien E, Kiörboe T. Blind dating- mate finding in planktonic
copepods. III. Hydromechanical communication in Acartia tonsa. MEPS 300:
129- 133
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